01 Introduction 简介

1) What is biological vision? 生物视觉

Definitions: It is one of the senses that animals use to survive in their environment.
定义： 它是动物在环境中生存的一种感觉。

Vision in biological systems consists of two parts:
生物系统的视觉包括两部分:

1. Sensor/eye – collecting the light/imaging information
   传感器/眼睛-收集光/成像信息
2. Nervous system/brain – interpreting the collected light information.
   神经系统/大脑-解释收集到的光信息

Sensors can take many forms, from simple to more advanced
传感器可以有多种形式，从简单到高级

Human visual system 人的视觉系统
Stereopsis
立体观测
Motion interpretation
对物体运动的解释
High precision
高精度
Color perception
色觉

2) What is Computer Vision?计算机视觉

Definitions: Using man made sensors and algorithms to sense the environment and make inferences about it.
利用人工传感器和算法来感知环境并对其进行推断。

Sensors include 传感器包括:
Visible light cameras (gray or color)
可见光摄影机(灰色或彩色)
Infrared cameras
红外摄像机
Depth sensors
深度传感器

3) Related Fields

Definitions： Make computers understand images and video.
使计算机理解图像和视频。

Safety, Health, Security, Comfort, Fun, Access, Industrial Inspection, Forensics, Robot navigation
安全，健康，安全，休闲，娱乐，通行证（人脸指纹识别等），工业检查，取证（犯罪取证），机器人导航

History: In 1966, Marvin Minsky at MIT asked his undergraduate student Gerald Jay Sussman to “Spend the summer linking a camera to a computer and getting the computer to describe what it saw”

4) Practical Applications

Examples of state-of-the-art 目前先进技术举例：
Optical character recognition (OCR)
Face detection
Smile detection
3D from thousands of images
Object recognition (in supermarkets) 收银
Vision-based biometrics 生物识别技术
Login without a password
Object recognition (in mobile phones) 识图
Special effects: shape capture 电影特效
Special effects: motion capture
Sports 判定是否出界